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NATIONAL SECURITY

The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) in the Indo-Pacific: A Tropical Perspective Through the UDA Framework

24 Jul 2026
National Security

Overview

The central objective of this research note is to situate the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) within the Indo-Pacific through a tropical-maritime understanding, embedded in the Underwater Domain Awareness (UDA) framework. So far, maritime discourse has been largely dominated by analyses rooted in temperate-region perspectives and studies. This research note presents a much-needed yet often-overlooked understanding of the Indian Ocean region. A preliminary understanding of the region indicates that the tropical characteristics of the IOR substantially affect its governance and resource management, as well as the achievement of strategic objectives for a nation like India. However, various unique factors, such as high populations in littoral states, challenges in underwater sensing, and regional challenges, among others, are either overlooked or rarely addressed. Conventional maritime frameworks embedded in temperate spaces are insufficient for policy implementation and practical effectiveness. Therefore, this note emphasises the utility of the UDA framework, underscoring the need for a context-specific approach and its ability to integrate policy, technology, community, and other stakeholders. It also notes that a tropical maritime analysis is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the Indo-Pacific region to secure maritime governance and sustainable development.

Key Highlights

  • It highlights the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) as a major maritime core in the strategic space of the Indo-Pacific and underscores its role in achieving regional connectivity and maritime governance.
  • It similarly highlights the tropical nature of the Indian Ocean Region, with its particular traits such as high biodiversity, a monsoon system, and ecological conditions, emphasising the need for situation-specific governance.
  • Most importantly, it emphasises the involvement of coastal communities, utilising indigenous knowledge and local wisdom to complement state-centric frameworks. In this context, it suggests utilising the UDA framework, which provides an integrated and inclusive approach that unifies strategic, environmental, technological,

A complete understanding of security should not be limited to traditional threats such as piracy or naval threats; it also requires assessing environmental realities and economic risks for a successful counterresponse. A disjointed approach merely undermines the effectiveness of policy decisions aimed at addressing the complexities of IOR. What we require, then, is a context-sensitive, holistic framework that can address the various dimensions of maritime governance constructively.

About the Authors

Annie Pruthi

Research Intern

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